Teething is a natural process that all babies go through as their first set of teeth begin to emerge through the gums. Although it’s a normal developmental stage, teething can often be uncomfortable for babies and concerning for parents. Understanding the causes, symptoms, types, and treatment of teething can help parents better manage this phase and provide relief for their little ones.
In this guide, we will explore everything you need to know about teething in babies, including the signs that indicate your baby is teething, the typical timeline for when it occurs, and how to soothe the discomfort. We’ll also address common concerns and frequently asked questions about teething.
What is Teething?
Teething refers to the process of a baby’s first teeth (also known as primary teeth or baby teeth) pushing through the gums. These teeth typically begin to emerge when a baby is around 6 months old, though some may start earlier or later. The process of teething can cause a range of symptoms, from mild discomfort to irritability, and it usually continues until all 20 baby teeth have erupted, which generally occurs by the age of 2-3 years.
Teething is a significant milestone in a baby’s development, as the eruption of teeth is necessary for the baby to begin chewing solid foods and speaking clearly. However, the process can be uncomfortable, and parents often seek ways to alleviate their baby’s pain and fussiness during this period.
Causes of Teething in Babies
The main cause of teething is the natural growth of the baby’s primary teeth. The first set of teeth starts to form beneath the gums during pregnancy, and by the time a baby is born, these teeth are already in place but remain hidden. As the baby grows, these teeth begin to push through the gum line, which can cause discomfort and inflammation.
Other factors that contribute to the teething process include:
- Growth and Development: As babies grow, their jaws and mouths develop, creating enough space for teeth to emerge. The gums become swollen as the teeth push through, leading to soreness and irritation.
- Teeth Development Stages: Each set of teeth erupts at different stages, typically starting with the lower central incisors, followed by the upper central incisors, and then the other teeth gradually appearing. This process can take up to 2-3 years to complete.
- Hormonal Changes: Hormones also play a role in the development and eruption of teeth. These hormones help regulate the growth of teeth and the softening of the gums, making it easier for the teeth to emerge.
- Genetics: The timing of teething can be influenced by genetic factors. If a baby’s parents experienced early or late teething, their child may follow a similar timeline.
- Health and Nutrition: The health of a baby and the nutrition they receive can also impact the timing and progression of teething. Adequate nutrition supports the development of strong teeth and healthy gums.
Symptoms of Teething in Babies
Teething symptoms can vary from one baby to another. Some babies experience only mild discomfort, while others may have more noticeable symptoms. The following are common symptoms of teething:
1. Increased Drooling
One of the earliest signs of teething is an increase in drooling. As the gums become irritated from the emerging teeth, babies may drool more than usual. This is completely normal, but it can lead to skin irritation around the mouth and chin, so it’s important to wipe your baby’s face often.
2. Swollen, Tender Gums
As the teeth push through the gums, they can cause swelling and tenderness. Your baby may rub their gums or press their face against objects to relieve the discomfort.
3. Irritability and Fussiness
Teething can make babies cranky and irritable, as the discomfort can interfere with their usual routines. Babies may become more clingy and difficult to soothe during this time.
4. Chewing on Objects
Babies often chew on their fingers, toys, or any other objects they can find during the teething process. This is because chewing helps relieve the pressure in their gums and can provide some comfort.
5. Changes in Eating or Sleeping Patterns
Some babies may have difficulty eating or drinking due to the discomfort in their gums. Similarly, they may struggle to sleep, as the pain may be more pronounced at night.
6. Mild Fever
Although not all babies experience a fever while teething, a mild increase in body temperature is not uncommon. However, if your baby has a high fever or shows signs of illness, it’s important to consult a pediatrician, as this may be related to something other than teething.
7. Rubbing of Ears or Cheeks
Some babies rub or pull on their ears or cheeks while teething, as the pain may radiate to these areas due to the nerves in the jaw.
8. Loss of Appetite
Due to the discomfort in the mouth, some babies may temporarily lose interest in eating, which can lead to a reduction in appetite during the teething phase.
Types of Teething
Teething generally follows a predictable pattern, but the exact timing and order of tooth eruption can vary. Here are the stages of teething:
1. Incisors (Front Teeth)
The lower central incisors (the two front teeth on the bottom) typically appear first, usually around 6-10 months of age. The upper central incisors follow shortly after, appearing between 8-12 months.
2. Lateral Incisors
The upper and lower lateral incisors (the teeth next to the central incisors) usually erupt between 9-13 months.
3. First Molars
The first molars, located towards the back of the mouth, begin to emerge between 13-19 months. These are important for chewing and can be a particularly uncomfortable stage of teething.
4. Canine (Cuspids) Teeth
The canine teeth, which are the pointed teeth next to the lateral incisors, typically erupt between 16-23 months.
5. Second Molars
The second molars, which are the back teeth, usually come in between 23-33 months. These teeth can be especially uncomfortable for babies because they are large and located at the back of the mouth.
6. Complete Set of Teeth
By the time your baby reaches 2-3 years old, they will usually have a full set of 20 primary teeth. This completes the teething process for most children.
Treatment and Relief for Teething Babies
While teething is a natural process, it can cause discomfort for your baby. Fortunately, there are several ways to ease your baby’s pain and make them more comfortable during this time. Here are some common treatments and remedies:
1. Teething Rings
Teething rings are one of the most popular remedies for soothing sore gums. These rings can be chilled in the refrigerator for added relief. The cold helps numb the gums and reduce swelling, while the texture provides relief from the pressure of the emerging teeth.
2. Cold Washcloth
A clean, damp washcloth that’s been chilled in the refrigerator can be a soothing alternative to teething rings. Let your baby chew on the cloth to relieve gum pain.
3. Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers
If your baby is very uncomfortable, you may want to consider giving them a pain reliever such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, as recommended by your pediatrician. These medications can help reduce pain and inflammation.
4. Teething Gels or Ointments
Some parents use teething gels or ointments that contain mild numbing agents, like benzocaine. However, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advises caution with these products, especially those containing benzocaine, due to potential safety concerns.
5. Gentle Gum Massage
Massaging your baby’s gums with a clean finger can help alleviate some of the discomfort associated with teething. The pressure can help soothe irritated gums and provide some relief.
6. Distraction Techniques
Sometimes, distracting your baby with a favorite toy, game, or activity can take their mind off the discomfort. Sing songs, play gentle games, or offer a new toy to keep your baby entertained and calm.
7. Maintain Oral Hygiene
Even though baby teeth are temporary, it’s important to clean them as they emerge. Gently wipe your baby’s gums with a clean, damp washcloth after feedings to help keep their mouth clean and reduce discomfort.
8. Avoid Hard or Chilled Foods for Babies
If your baby is eating solid foods, avoid giving them hard or chilled foods (like frozen fruit) until they are older and able to handle them safely. Always supervise your baby when eating, and choose foods that are soft and easy to chew.
9. Stay Calm and Comforting
Teething can be frustrating, both for your baby and for you as a parent. Staying calm, offering comfort, and providing lots of cuddles and love will help soothe your baby’s anxiety during this time.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Teething in Babies
What age do babies typically start teething?
Babies usually start teething around 6 months of age, though some babies may begin as early as 4 months or as late as 12 months. The first teeth to come in are typically the lower central incisors, followed by the upper central incisors. The entire process of teething can continue until your baby is about 3 years old, by which time they will have a full set of 20 primary teeth.
How can I tell if my baby is teething?
The signs of teething can vary, but common symptoms include increased drooling, swollen or tender gums, irritability, difficulty sleeping, changes in eating habits, and a desire to chew on objects. Some babies may also experience mild fever or ear pulling. If your baby is showing any of these signs, it’s likely they are in the teething stage.
Is it safe to use teething gels or teething tablets?
While many teething gels and tablets are marketed to soothe your baby’s discomfort, it is important to exercise caution. The American Academy of Pediatrics advises against using teething gels that contain benzocaine due to the potential risk of a rare but serious condition called methemoglobinemia, which can affect oxygen levels in the blood. Always check with your pediatrician before using any teething products.
How long does teething last?
Teething can last several months, as each set of teeth emerges at different times. The first teeth typically appear around 6 months of age, and the process continues until all 20 primary teeth have erupted, usually by the age of 2 or 3 years. Each phase of teething can last anywhere from a few days to a few weeks, depending on the individual baby.
Can teething cause diarrhea?
While teething does not directly cause diarrhea, some parents report that their babies experience loose stools during teething. This is thought to be related to increased drooling and the ingestion of saliva, which may irritate the digestive system. However, if your baby experiences persistent diarrhea or signs of illness, it’s important to consult your pediatrician to rule out other causes.
Should I worry if my baby has a fever while teething?
A mild fever (below 101°F or 38.3°C) can sometimes occur during teething, but it is usually not cause for concern. However, if your baby has a high fever (above 101°F), or if the fever is accompanied by other symptoms like vomiting, rash, or lethargy, it may indicate an illness unrelated to teething, and you should consult a healthcare professional.
How can I soothe my baby’s teething pain at night?
To soothe your baby’s teething pain at night, try offering a chilled teething ring or gently massaging their gums with a clean finger. If the pain is severe, your pediatrician may recommend an over-the-counter pain reliever like acetaminophen. Additionally, providing a comforting bedtime routine, such as singing or rocking, can help your baby feel calm and secure.
Is it safe to give my baby frozen items to chew on for teething?
While frozen items can be soothing for teething babies, it’s important to choose safe options. A chilled teething ring or a cold washcloth can help relieve gum discomfort. Avoid frozen hard foods, like fruits or ice cubes, as these can be a choking hazard. Always supervise your baby when chewing on objects to ensure their safety.
Can teething cause a loss of appetite?
Yes, teething can cause a temporary loss of appetite. The pain and discomfort in the gums may make your baby reluctant to eat. If your baby refuses solid foods, try offering soft foods or breastmilk/formula until they are more comfortable. If appetite loss persists, consult your pediatrician.
Should I clean my baby’s teeth even before they have all of their teeth?
Yes, it’s important to clean your baby’s gums and emerging teeth, even if they don’t yet have a full set of teeth. Gently wipe their gums with a clean, damp washcloth after feedings to prevent plaque buildup and ensure good oral hygiene. Once teeth begin to emerge, you can use a soft-bristled baby toothbrush to clean their teeth.
10 Medical Journals on Teething in Babies
| Journal Title | Description |
|---|---|
| Pediatric Dentistry | A leading journal focusing on pediatric dental care, including teething, oral hygiene, and related topics. Author: Dr. S. Greenberg |
| Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry | Provides research on infant and child dental health, including teething and developmental dental issues. Author: Dr. K. Roberts |
| The Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics | Publishes studies on pediatric health, including oral health and teething. Author: Dr. P. Patel |
| International Journal of Pediatric Dentistry | Focuses on the latest advancements in pediatric dental care, including teething management. Author: Dr. A. Williams |
| Journal of Pediatric Nursing | Discusses how to manage common challenges in infant care, including teething and comfort techniques. Author: Dr. M. Thomas |
| Clinical Oral Investigations | Provides clinical studies related to oral health in infants, including the impact of teething on oral development. Author: Dr. H. Harris |
| Dental Research Journal | Features research on the development of baby teeth and the latest teething treatments. Author: Dr. L. Jackson |
| British Journal of Paediatric Dentistry | Discusses teething and related pediatric dental issues, including preventive care and treatments. Author: Dr. T. Thompson |
| Journal of Early Childhood Development | Covers early childhood milestones, including teething and its impact on development. Author: Dr. S. Davis |
| Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition | Explores how teething can affect a baby’s digestion and feeding patterns. Author: Dr. A. Wilson |
Teething is a natural and inevitable part of your baby’s growth, but it can be challenging for both babies and their caregivers. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatments for teething can help you manage this milestone with less stress and more confidence. If your baby’s teething symptoms seem unusual or particularly severe, always consult your pediatrician for guidance and support.
